REFLECTING ON ANALOGUE FACES AND DIGITAL MASKS THROUGH MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE (1996-2023)

Authors

  • Chris Broodryk University of Pretoria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21153/psj2024vol9no2art1927

Keywords:

Analogue, Digital, Mask, Mission: Impossible films, Death Mask, Technology of Deception

Abstract

This article uses the idea and practice of the mask and masking technology in the popular Mission: Impossible film franchise to critically consider the tensions between digital and analogue. In the Mission: Impossible films, the masks are a core component of the films’ intrigue, and they serve the plot dynamics of each franchise entry while also revealing ever-sophisticated diegetic film technologies that make these silicone-based masks increasingly hyper-realistic in spy-craft and anti-surveillance deception. This article demonstrates how the mask is an identity technology that qualifies the persona as potentially deceptive and duplicitous as it relies on a convincing presentation of a character’s self that does not accurately reflect the interiority of this character, and on a betrayal of trust of the affective investment of a particular micro-publics. As such, the viewer reflects on facial representation not only in terms of verisimilitude, but also veracity. Within a context of techno est ubique, the mask has evident transformative capacities as a temporary interface with the world and as a remediation technology. However, the mask is also a precarious technology because it is highly visible and needs monitoring for proper presentation and error. It is a seamless technology, which evokes further reflections on photorealism and deepfakes. Additionally, digital comes to denote ‘dead’, and the digital mask of especially the later Mission: Impossible films – identifiable by its skeuomorphic qualities – challenges the continued existence of the analogue (organic face) as mask and related appearance replication technologies come to replace human faces and bodies entirely.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Allison, T 2011, ‘More than a man in a monkey suit: Andy Serkis, motion capture, and digital realism’, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 325-341, DOI: 10.1080/10509208.2010.500947.

Barbour, K, Marshall, PD & Moore, C 2014, ‘Persona to Persona Studies’, M/C Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1–6, DOI: https://hdl.handle.net/10536/DRO/DU:30065079.

Barbour, K 2015, Finding the Edge: Online persona creation by fringe artists, unpublished PhD thesis, Deakins University, 10536/DRO/DU:30073257.

Berry, DM, 2015, ‘The Postdigital Constellation’, in DM Berry and M Dieter (eds), Postdigital Aesthetics: Art, Computation and Design, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, pp. 44-57.

Berry, DM & Dieter, M, 2015, ‘Thinking postdigital aesthetics: art, computation and design’, in DM Berry and M Dieter (eds), Postdigital Aesthetics: Art, Computation and Design, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, pp. 1-11.

Boncori, l 2017, ‘Mission impossible: A reading of the after-death of the heroine’, Culture and Organization, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 95-109, DOI: 10.1080/14759551.2016.1206548.

Chung, HJ 2015, ‘The reanimation of the digital (un)dead, or how to regenerate bodies in digital cinema’, Visual Studies, vol. 30, no. 1, pp 54-67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2015.996397.

Cohen, OF 2014, ‘The new language of digital film’, Journal of Popular Film and Television, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 47-58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01956051.2012.759898.

Cohen, OF 2016, ‘The digital action image of James Bond’, Quarterly Review of Film and Video, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 101-121, DOI: 10.1080/10509208.2015.1070306.

Constable, M 2015, ‘The analogue and the digital head-death’, Visual Studies, vol. 30, no. 1: 68-78, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2015.996399.

Cramer, F, 2015, ‘What is post-digital?’, in DM Berry and M Dieter (eds), Postdigital Aesthetics: Art, Computation and Design, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, pp. 12-26.

Cramer, F & Jandric, P 2021, ‘Postdigital; a term that sucks but is useful’, Postdigital Science and Education, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 966-989, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00225-9.

Crogan, P 2001, ‘Things Analogue and Digital’, Film & Philosophy, Special Issue on Horror, vol. X, no. X, pp. 13-23.

Elliot, B & Conneller, C 2020, ‘Editorial: Masks in context: representation, emergence, motility and self’, World Archaeology, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 655-666.

Elwell, JS 2014, ‘The transmediated self: life between the digital and the analogue’, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 233-249, DOI: 10.1177/1354856513501423.

Fleming, DH & Brown, W 2015. ‘A skeuomorphic cinema: film form, content and criticism in the ‘Post-Analogue’ Era’, Fibreculture Journal, vol. 24, no. 176, pp. 81–105, https://dspace.stir.ac.uk/handle/1893/26371.

Fortunati, L & O’Sullivan, J 2020, ‘Convergence crosscurrents: analogue in the digital and digital in the analogue’, The Information Society, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 160–166, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1737608.

Harris, J 2013, ‘Digital Skin: how developments in digital imaging techniques and culture are informing the design of futuristic surface and fabrication concepts’, Textile: The Journal of Cloth and Culture, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 242-261, DOI: 10.2752/175183513x13793321037446.

Kramer, GK 2023, ‘Both "Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning" and Tom Cruise look and feel exhausted’, Salon, retrieved 11 October 2023, https://www.salon.com/2023/07/12/mission-impossible-reckoning-review/.

Marshall, PD 2014, ‘Persona studies: mapping the proliferation of the public self’, Journalism, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 153–170, DOI: 10.1177/1464884913488720.

Marshall, PD 2015, ‘Monitoring persona: mediatized identity and the edited public self’, Frame, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 115–133, https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/00938ff4-bc66-32ad-9718-3052a793909e/.

Marshall, PD& Barbour, K 2015, ‘Making intellectual room for Persona Studies: a new consciousness and a shifted perspective’, Persona Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–12, http:--hdl.handle.net/2440/95362.

Marshall, PD, Moore, C & Barbour, K 2015, ‘Persona as method: exploring celebrity and the public self through persona studies’, Celebrity Studies, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 288–305, DOI: 10.1080/19392397.2015.1062649.

Marshall, PD & Henderson, N 2016, ‘Political persona – an introduction’, Persona Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–18, https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.968814098139910

McLeish, K & Griffiths, TR 2003, Guide to Greek Theatre and Drama, Bloomsbury, London.

Melchior-Bonnet, S 2002, The Mirror: a history, translated by Katherine H Jewett, Routledge, London.

Merrill, MS 2004, ‘Masks, metaphor and transformation: the communication of belief in ritual performance’, Journal of Ritual Studies, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 16-33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44368668.

Moore, C, Barbour, K & Lee, K 2017, ‘Five dimensions of online persona’, Persona Studies, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, https://search.informit.org/doi/pdf/10.3316/informit.956460438195724.

Mulhall, S 2006, ‘The Impersonation of Personality: Film as Philosophy in ‘Mission: Impossible’’, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 97-110, http://www.jstor.org/stablw/3700495.

Page, P 2023, ‘Mission: Impossible Dead Reckoning – Part One’, Patreon, retrieved 15 November 2023, https://www.patreon.com/posts/90766824.

Peters, MA & Besley, T, 2019, ‘Critical Philosophy of the Postdigital’, Postdigital Science and Education, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29-42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-018-0004-9.

Pollock, D 1995, ‘Masks and the Semiotics of Identity’, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 581-597, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3034576.

Robson, K 2022, ‘What are deepfakes and should we be worried?’, Verdict, retrieved 16 November 2023, https://www.verdict.co.uk/what-are-deepfakes-and-should-we-be-worried/?cf-view.

Rombes, N 2017, Cinema in the Digital Age, Wallflower Press, London.

Science and Media Museum 2020, ‘A short history of the internet’, Science and Media Museum, retrieved 3 December 2023, https://www.scienceandmediamuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/short-history-internet.

Talley, HL 2014, Saving Face: Disfigurement and the Politics of Appearance, New York University Press, New York.

Varakis, A 2010, ‘Body and mask in Aristophanic performance’, Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 17-38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2010.00002.x.

Wilkins, AS 2017, Making Faces: The Evolutionary Origins of the Human Face, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Young, A & Bruce, V 2013, Face Perception, Taylor & Francis, Hoboken.

Filmography:

Black Swan 2010, film, Scott Franklin, Mike Medavoy, Arnold W Messer & Brian Oliver, United States.

Cam 2018, film, Isabelle Link-Levy, Adam Hendricks, John H. Lang, Greg Gilreath, United States.

Crow, The 1994, film, Edward R Pressman & Jeff Most, United States.

Dave 1993, film, Ivan Reitman & Laruen Shuler Donner, United States.

Face/Off 1997, film, David Permut, Barrie M. Osborne, Terence Chang & Christopher Godsick, United States.

Fight Club 1999, film, Art Linson, Ceán Chaffin & Ross Grayson Bell, United States.

Gladiator 2000, film, Douglas Wick, David Franzoni & Branko Lustig, United States & United Kingdom.

Infinity Pool 2023, film, Karen Harnisch, Andrew Cividino, Christina Piovesan, Noah Segal, Rob Cotterill, Anita Juka, Daniel Kresmery & Jonathan Halperyn, Canada, Croatia & Hungary.

King Kong 1933, Merian C. Cooper & Ernest B. Schoedsack, United States.

King Kong 2005, film, Jan Blenkin, Carolynne Cunningham, Fran Walsh & Peter Jackson, New Zealand & United States.

Mask, The 1994, film, Bob Engelman, United States.

Minority Report 2002, film, Gerald R Molen, Bonnie Curtis, Walter F. Parkes & Jan de Bont, United States.

Mission: Impossible 1996, film, Tom Cruise & Paula Wagner, United States.

Mission: Impossible II 2000, film, Tom Cruise & Paula Wagner, United States & Germany.

Mission: Impossible III 2006, film, Tom Cruise & Paula Wagner, United States.

Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol 2011, film, Tom Cruise, JJ Abrams & Bryan Burk, United States.

Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation 2015, film, Tom Cruise, JJ Abrams, Bryan Burk, David Ellison, Dana Goldberg & Don Granger, United States.

Mission: Impossible – Fallout 2018, film, Tom Cruise, JJ Abrams, Christopher McQuarrie & Jake Myers, United States.

Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One 2023, film, Tom Cruise & Christopher McQuarrie, United States.

Mulholland Drive 2001, film, Mary Sweeney, Alain Sarde, Neal Edelstein, Michael Polaire & Tony Krantz, United States & France.

Possessor 2020, film, Fraser Ash, Niv Fichman, Kevin Krikst & Andrew Starke, Canada & United Kingdom.

Ready Player One 2018, film, Donald De Line, Kristie Macosko Krieger, Steven Spielberg & Dan Farah, United States.

Silence of the Lambs, The 1991, film, Kenneth Utt, Edward Saxon & Ron Bozman, United States.

Texas Chain Saw Massacre, The 1974, film, Tobe Hooper, United States.

Terminator, The 1984, film, Gale Anne Hurd, United States.

Terminator 2: Judgment Day 1991, film, James Cameron, United States.

Thing, The 1982, film, David foster & Lawrence Turman, United States.

Downloads

Published

2024-04-17

How to Cite

REFLECTING ON ANALOGUE FACES AND DIGITAL MASKS THROUGH MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE (1996-2023). (2024). Persona Studies, 9(2), 16-32. https://doi.org/10.21153/psj2024vol9no2art1927