Daughters of The Handmaid’s Tale: Reproductive Rights in YA Dystopian Fiction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21153/pecl2018vol26no1art1087Keywords:
reproductive rights, young adult fiction, dystopias in fiction, adolescent sexuality in fiction, feminismAbstract
The election of President Trump in the US has reignited discussions regarding reproductive rights and renewed interest in Margaret Atwood’s 1984 dystopian novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, which depicts a future society in which women are stripped of these rights. However, the novel does not explore how threats to reproductive rights might affect teenage girls. The gap left in Atwood’s novel has been filled by authors of dystopias for young adults who foreground the double threat to teenage girls because of their sex and age. This paper discusses the way in which these novels show teenage girls resisting against societies that seek to dictate how they use their bodies, with Megan McCafferty’s Bumped and Thumped having a particularly strong political edge. Through the insights of feminist critic Drucilla Cornell, this paper shows that the challenges to characters’ reproductive rights in these texts may encourage readers to consider themselves as sexual subjects and take responsibility for that sexual subject, even if it requires political action.
Metrics
References
Adams, Gina; Adams-Taylor, Sharon & Pittman, Karen (1989). Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood: A review of the problem, solutions, and resources. Family Relations, 38(2), 223- 229.
Aeby, Victor G.; Xu, Lei; Carpenter-Aeby, Tracy; Lu, Wenhua; Barnes, Ericka Samone; Rivers, Desirae, & Turner, LaTerriar (2016). Exploring Planned Parenthood, Teen Pregnancy, and Policy—A Systematic Literature Review. US-China Education Review, 6(5), 293-301.
Anderson, Joel, & Claassen, Rutger (2012). Sailing alone: Teenage autonomy and regimes of childhood. Law and Philosophy, 31(5), 495-522.
Atwood, Margaret (1985). The Handmaid's Tale. London: Vintage Books.
Basu, Balaka; Broad, Katherine R. & Hintz, Carrie (2013). Introduction. In C. Hintz, B. Basu & K. R. Broad (Eds.), Contemporary Dystopian Fiction for Young Adults: Brave New Teenagers (pp. 1-15). New York: Routledge.
Beauvoir, Simone de (1953). The Second Sex (H. M. Parshley, Trans.). London: Vintage Books.
Bradford, Clare; Mallan, Kerry; Stephens, John & McCallum, Robyn (2008). New World Orders in Contemporary Children’s Literature: Utopian Transformations. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Browner, Carole H. (2015). Reproduction: From Rights to Justice? In L. Disch & M. Hawkesworth (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory (pp. 1-34). Oxford Handbooks Online: Oxford. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.40
Bullen, Elizabeth, & Parsons, Elizabeth (2007). Dystopian visions of global capitalism: Philip Reeve’s Mortal Engines and MT Anderson’s Feed. Children's Literature in Education, 38(2), 127-139.
Cornell, Drucilla (1995). Bodily integrity and the right to abortion. In A. Sarat & T. R. Kearns (Eds.), Identities, Politics and Rights (pp. 21-84). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
Cornell, Drucilla (1998). At the Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Craig, Layne Parish (2013). Birth Control’s Afterlives When Sex Changed: Birth Control Politics and Literature Between the World Wars. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Destefano, Lauren (2011). Wither. London: Harper Voyager.
Fischel, Joseph J. (2016). Sex and Harm in the Age of Consent: University of Minnesota Press.
Gillis, Bryan & Simpson, Joanna (2015). Sexual Content in Young Adult Literature: Reading Between the Sheets (Vol. 48). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
Hoggart, Lesley (2012). ‘I’m pregnant… what am I going to do?’An examination of value judgements and moral frameworks in teenage pregnancy decision making. Health, risk & society, 14(6), 533-549.
Kokkola, Lydia (2013). Fictions of Adolescent Carnality: Sexy Sinners and Delinquent Deviants. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Lamb, Sharon; Lustig, Kara & Graling, Kelly (2013). The use and misuse of pleasure in sex education curricula. Sex Education, 13(3), 305-318.
Latimer, Heather (2009). Popular culture and reproductive politics: Juno, Knocked Up and the enduring legacy of The Handmaid's Tale. Feminist Theory, 10(2), 211-226.
Lovell, Kera (2016). Girls are equal too: Education, body politics, and the making of teenage Feminism. Gender Issues, 33(2), 71-95.
McCafferty, Megan (2011). Bumped. London: Corgi Books.
McCafferty, Megan (2012). Thumped. London: Corgi Books.
Morton, Lindsay, & Lounsbury, Lynnette (2015). Inertia to action: From narrative empathy to political agency in young adult fiction. Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature, 23(2), 53.
Myrsiades, Linda (1999). Law, Medicine, and the Sex Slave in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale. Un-Disciplining Literature: Literature, Law and Culture, 219-245.
Newhall, Lynne (2011). Women in Law - Bodily Autonomy - 'The Entombed Womb' within the realm of 'Body Politics' it could be argued that the law fails to support and protect women's bodily autonomy. Bracton Law Journal, 43, 59-71.
Penguin Books (2018). Margaret Atwood announces sequel to The Handmaid’s Tale: The Testaments. Retrieved 13 December 2018, from www.penguin.co.uk/articles/2018/nov/margaret-atwood-announces-sequel-handmaidstale- the-testaments/
Pollitt, Katha (2015). Pro: Reclaiming Abortion Rights. New York: Picador.
Rogers, Jane (2011). The Testament of Jessie Lamb. Edinburgh and London: Canongate.
Sambell, Kay (2002). Presenting the case for social change: The creative dilemma of dystopian writing for children. In C. Hintz & E. Ostry (Eds.), Utopian and Dystopian Writing for Children and Young Adults (pp. 163-178). New York and London: Routledge.
Sanders, Joe Sutliff (2011). Disciplining Girls: Understanding the Origins of the Classic Orphan Girl Story. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Solinger, Rickie (2007). Pregnancy and Power: A Short History of Reproductive Politics in America. New York and London: New York University Press.
Teen Bestsellers. (2017). Retrieved 26 June 2017, from https://www.barnesandnoble.com/b/books/teens/_/N-1fZ29Z8q8Z19r4
Tolman, Deborah L.; Striepe, Meg I. & Harmon, Tricia (2003). Gender matters: Constructing a model of adolescent sexual health. Journal of sex research, 40(1), 4-12.
Trites, Roberta S. (1998). Disturbing the Universe: Power and Repression in Adolescent Literature. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
Watson, Emma (2017). Our Shared Shelf. Retrieved 26 June 2017, from https://www.goodreads.com/group/show/179584-our-shared-shelf