Opportunities to identify and develop people skills: What university students need early in their degree journey

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no2art1481

Abstract

Employability skills can be categorised as ‘people’ or ‘soft skills’ and ‘technical’ or ‘industry specific’ skills. Australian employers are increasingly seeking to employ university graduates with well-developed people skills. Evidence from industry suggests these skills, in particular communication skills are lacking in today’s graduates. The aim of this study was to raise student awareness of the importance of people skills, assess their perception of personal competence across a range of these skills and support them to develop plans that will help them strengthen these skills in preparation for graduation. An online survey was emailed to 222 first year undergraduate students; 99 were completed. Analysis of quantitative data revealed students perceived themselves to be highly competent across a range of people skills. However, qualitative data found students also identified people skills that they needed to develop further. The study findings suggest that first-year students may have inflated and unrealistic perceptions of their people skills and highlights the importance of the introduction of these employability skills early in the curriculum. Recommendations from this study include the introduction of curriculum activities in the first year of their degree that raise student awareness of industry expectations of people skills upon graduation. The implementation of a people skills self-assessment tool for these students is also recommended as a benchmarking activity. Use of this tool can motivate students to engage with university support and industry opportunities that further strengthen these important skills.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

  • Ms Ros Sambell, School of Medical and Health Sciences. Edith Cowan University

    Academic- researcher scholar at ECU School of Medical and Health Sciences.

    Unit Coordinator Nutrition and Public Health and Community Nutrition, School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University. Registered Public Health Nutritionist, Nutrition Society of Australia

    Master of Public Health

    Graduate Diploma of Public Health

  • Dr Lesley Andrew, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edit Cowan University

    Lesley is the Postgraduate Courses Coordinator for Public Health within the School of Medical and Health Sciences. Lesley also coordinates and teaches into a number of postgraduate and undergraduate public health units.

    BSc honours Applied Biology

    MSc Health Professional Education

    PhD Public Health

    Registered Nurse UK

  • Professor Amanda Devine, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University

    Amanda is the Associate Dean of Public Health and OHS and Professor of Public Health Nutrition in the School of Medical and Health Sciences. Amanda is the program coordinator for Nutrition and supervises postgraduate students in a range of nutrition research areas that extend from regional and remote nutrition and food security, and how patterns of eating impact gut health across the life course, chronic disease and clinical nutrition; food literacy and food and nutrition education. To extend the reach and impact of these research areas, with others Amanda has produced two cookbooks and developed four websites to implement and translate public health and educational projects.

  • Ms Jill Darby, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University
       

    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-5347

    Jill is a lecturer in the School of Medical and Health Sciences, she is the undergraduate coordinator for the Bachelor of Health Science and coordinates the Health Science practicums included in the HST3502 core unit for majors in the Health Promotion, Nutrition, Addiction Studies, Occupational Health & Safety and Environmental Health.

    Masters of Public Health

    Grad Dip in Education

    Bachelor of Applied Science (Home Economics)

     

  • Associate Professor Shelley Beatty, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University

    Shelley is the Associate Dean (Teaching and Learning), School of Medical and Health Sciences.

    • Postgraduate Diploma
    • Master of Public Health
    • Bachelor of Education
    • Doctor of Philosophy

     

  • Dr Stephanie Godrich, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University

    Stephanie is a Senior Lecturer in Nutrition in the School of Medical and Health Sciences. Her current research projects include food security, regional and remote child nutrition and healthy built food environments.

    Doctor of Philosophy

    Bachelor of Health Science Major in Nutrition

     

References

Abbasi Farhad, K., Ali, A., & Bibi, N. (2018). Analysis of skill gap for business graduates: managerial perspective from banking industry. Education + Training, 60(4), 354-367. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2017-0120

Al-Samarraie, H., & Saeed, N. (2018). A systematic review of cloud computing tools for collaborative learning: Opportunities and challenges to the blended-learning environment. Computers & Education, 124, 77-91. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.016

Andrade, H. L. (2019). A Critical Review of Research on Student Self-Assessment [Systematic Review]. Frontiers in Education, 4(87). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00087

Andrew, L. (2020). Ensuring Equitable Work-Integrated Learning Opportunities for International Students. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 17(4), 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/jutlp.v17i4.13

Bandura, A. (1995). Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University Press.

Bruce, E., & Hamp-Lyons, L. (2015). Opposing tensions of local and international standards for EAP writing programmes: Who are we assessing for? Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 18, 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2015.03.003

Campbell, M., Russell, L., Smith, L., McAllister, L., Tunny, R., Thomson, K. & Barrett, M. (2019). A framework for assuring quality in Work Integrated Learning. https://drive.google.com/file/d/13Voqe_rqb0MMpYNC1BGs3MpBMtudKy5n/view

Deloitte Access Economics. (2017). Soft skills for business success. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/429130

Department of Industry Innovation Climate Change Science Research and Tertiary Education [DIICSRTE], Department of Education, & Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). (2013). Core skills for work developmental framework. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/265735

Department of Jobs and Small Business. (2019). Australian Jobs 2019. Government of Australia https://apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2019-05/apo-nid239966.pdf

Directorate-General for Employment Social Affairs and Inclusion (European Commission). (2011). Transferability of Skills across Economic Sectors. https://doi.org/10.2767/40404

García-Pérez, L., García-Garnica, M., & Olmedo-Moreno, E. M. (2021). Skills for a Working Future: How to Bring about Professional Success from the Educational Setting. Education Sciences, 11(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11010027

Gawrycka, M., Kujawska, J., & Tomczak, M. T. (2020). Competencies of graduates as future labour market participants – preliminary study. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 1095-1107. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1631200

Gill, R. (2018). Building employability skills for higher education students: An Australian example (Vol. 9). Deakin University. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.348796293798832

Green, C. A., Tindall-Ford, S. K., & Eady, M. J. (2020). School-university partnerships in Australia: a systematic literature review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 48(4), 403-435. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2019.1651822

Gribble, C. (2015). Enhancing the employability of international graduates: A guide for Australian education providers. International Education Association Australia (IEAA)(Ed.), IEAA International Employability Guide. Melbourne: International Education Association Australia. https://www.ieaa.org.au/documents/item/547

Griffin, M., & Coelhoso, P. (2019). Business students’ perspectives on employability skills post internship experience. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 9(1), 60-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-12-2017-0102

Gruzdev, M. V., Kuznetsova, I. V., Tarkhanova, I. Y., & Kazakova, E. I. (2018). University Graduates' Soft Skills: The Employers' Opinion. European journal of contemporary education, 7(4), 690-698. https://doi.org/ 10.13187/ejced.2018.4.690

Harris-Reeves, B., & Mahoney, J. (2017). Brief work-integrated learning opportunities and first-year university students’ perceptions of employability and academic performance. Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416217697974

Hayes, C., Jackson, D., Davidson, P. M., Daly, J., & Power, T. (2018). Pondering practice: Enhancing the art of reflection. J Clin Nurs, 27(1-2), e345-e353. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13876

Hill, M. A., Overton, T., Kitson, R. R., Thompson, C. D., Brookes, R. H., Coppo, P., & Bayley, L. (2020). ‘They help us realise what we’re actually gaining’: The impact on undergraduates and teaching staff of displaying transferable skills badges. Active Learning in Higher Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787419898023

Hirudayaraj, M. (2011). First-generation students in higher education: Issues of employability in a knowledge based economy. Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development, 5(3). https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ojwed/vol5/iss3/2/

Ibarra-Sáiz, M. S., Rodríguez-Gómez, G., & Boud, D. (2020). Developing student competence through peer assessment: the role of feedback, self-regulation and evaluative judgement. Higher Education, 80(1), 137-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00469-2

Ishengoma, E., & Vaaland, T. I. (2016). Can university-industry linkages stimulate student employability? Education+ Training, 58(1), 18-44. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/ET-11-2014-0137

Jackson, D. (2012). Business Undergraduates' Perceptions of Their Capabilities in Employability Skills:Implications for Industry and Higher Education. Industry and Higher Education, 26(5), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2012.0117

Jackson, D., & Chapman, E. (2012). Non‐technical skill gaps in Australian business graduates. Education + Training, 54(2/3), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211210224

Jassal, K., & Clark, H. (2016). The new learning economy and the rise of the working learner: An anthology of recent evidence. ACT Center for Equity and Learning and ACT Foundation. https://www.iftf.org/fileadmin/user_upload/downloads/work-learn/RiseofTheWorkingLearner_P.K.Jassal_H.Clark.pdf

Levinson, E. (2020). Stop calling them soft skills. Insight. Association for Talent Development. . https://www.td.org/insights/stop-calling-it-soft-skills

Mattern, K., Radunzel, J., & Westrick, P. (2015). Development of STEM Readiness Benchmarks to Assist Educational and Career Decision Making. ACT Research Report Series, (3). ACT, Inc. https://www.act.org/content/dam/act/unsecured/documents/ACT_RR2015-3.pdf

McDonald, J. H. (2014). Handbook of Biological Statistics. 3rd ed. Sparky House. http://www.biostathandbook.com/

McEachan, R., Taylor, N., Harrison, R., Lawton, R., Gardner, P., & Conner, M. (2016). Meta-Analysis of the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA) to Understanding Health Behaviors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50(4), 592-612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9798-4

McNair, R., Griffiths, L., Reid, K., & Sloan, H. (2016). Medical students developing confidence and patient centredness in diverse clinical settings: a longitudinal survey study. BMC Medical Education, 16(1), 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0689-y

Montaño, D. E., & Kasprzyk, D. (2015). Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model,. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & K. "V." Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior: Theory, research and practice. Jossey-Bass/Wiley.

Munn, J., Coutts, R. A., Knopke, J., Grant, A. F., Bartlett, E. J., & Munn, J. . (2016). The academic skill needs and competency of first year health science students: Views of educators. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 10(2), A32-A47. https://journal.aall.org.au/index.php/jall/article/view/409

Pennington, A., & Stanford, J. (2019). The future of work for australian graduates: The changing landscape of university employment transitions in Australia. https://australiainstitute.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Future_of_Work_for_Australian_Graduates_GCA_Final_Formatted.pdf

Productivity Commission. (2017). Future skills and work (Ch. 3). In: Shifting the Dial: 5 year productivity review. Productivity Commission. https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/productivity-review/report/3-future-skills-work

QSR International Pty Ltd. (2018). NVivo qualitative data analysis software,. In (Version 12) https://www.qsrinternational.com/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software/home

Qualtrics. (2013). Qualtrics: Online Survey Software and Insight Platform. https://www.qualtrics.com

Römgens, I., Scoupe, R., & Beausaert, S. (2020). Unraveling the concept of employability, bringing together research on employability in higher education and the workplace. Studies in Higher Education, 45(12), 2588-2603. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1623770

RTI International. (2015). Employability Skills Self-Assessment Tool. https://ccrscenter.org/sites/default/files/Self-Assessment-Tool.pdf

Sambell, R., Devine, A., Lo, J. S., & Lawlis, T. (2020). Work-integrated learning builds student identification of employability skills: Utilizing a food literacy education strategy. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 21(1), 63-87. https://www.ijwil.org/files/IJWIL_21_1_63_87.pdf

Sánchez-Caballé, A., Gisbert Cervera, M., & Esteve-Mon, F. M. (2020). The digital competence of university students: a systematic literature review. Aloma, 38(1), 63-74 http://hdl.handle.net/10234/191134

Scott, F. J., Connell, P., Thomson, L. A., & Willison, D. (2019). Empowering students by enhancing their employability skills. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 43(5), 692-707. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1394989

Sisodia, S., & Agarwal, N. (2017). Employability skills essential for healthcare industry. Procedia computer science, 122, 431-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.390

Succi, C., & Canovi, M. (2020). Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers’ perceptions. Studies in Higher Education, 45(9), 1834-1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420

Suneela, E. (2014). Soft skills are employability skills; with special reference to communication skills. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(8), 59-61. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19-issue8/Version-4/L019845961.pdf

Terpstra-Tong, J. L. Y., & Ahmad, A. (2018). High school-university disconnect: a complex issue in Malaysia. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(5), 851-865.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2016-0214

The Foundation for Young Australians. (2016). The new basics: Big data reveals the skills young people need for the new work order. https://www.fya.org.au/app/uploads/2021/09/The-New-Basics_2016.pdf

The Foundation for Young Australians. (2017). The new basics: The new work mindset: 7 new job clusters to help young people navigate the new work order. https://www.fya.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/The-New-Work-Mindset.pdf

Tymon, A. (2013). The student perspective on employability. Studies in Higher Education, 38(6), 841-856. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.604408

Universities Australia. (2019). Work-integrated learning in universities: Final report. Universities Australia, ACT. https://internationaleducation.gov.au/international-network/australia/InternationalStrategy/EGIProjects/Documents/WIL%20in%20universities%20-%20final%20report%20April%202019.pdf

Watts, A. G. (2006). Career development learning and employability. Learning and employability, Series 2. Higher Education Academy, UK. https://www.heacademy.ac.uk/system/files/id592_career_development_learning_and_employability.pdf

Wilson, K. L., Murphy, K. A., Pearson, A. G., Wallace, B. M., Reher, V. G., & Buys, N. (2016). Understanding the early transition needs of diverse commencing university students in a health faculty: informing effective intervention practices. Studies in Higher Education, 41(6), 1023-1040. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.966070

World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. Switzerland. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf

Downloads

Published

2021-12-10

Issue

Section

JOURNAL PAPERS

How to Cite

Opportunities to identify and develop people skills: What university students need early in their degree journey. (2021). Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 12(2), 348-365. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no2art1481