Employer perspectives on the importance of help-seeking as a key skill of higher education graduates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2025vol16no1art2015Keywords:
help-seeking skills, employability, higher education, graduate expectations, communication skills, resilienceAbstract
This study investigates the importance of help-seeking skills among higher education graduates as perceived by employers. Through semi-structured interviews with 16 employers across various industries in Australia, the research identifies help-seeking as a critical skill that enhances employability. An employee demonstrates effective help-seeking abilities when they appropriately request assistance to accomplish a task at work. Our research explores the nuance of what employers have in mind when they conceptualise help-seeking in their context. Help-seeking is underpinned by communication, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills. The study suggests practical strategies for higher education institutions to incorporate help-seeking training into their curricula, as part of preparing students for complex work environments.
Metrics
References
Anderson, V., & Tomlinson, M. (2021). Signaling standout graduate employability: The employer perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(4), 675–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12334
Ayala Calvo, J. C., & Manzano García, G. (2021). The influence of psychological capital on graduates’ perception of employability: The mediating role of employability skills. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(2), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1738350
Baird, A., & Parayitam, S. (2019). Employers’ ratings of importance of skills and competencies college graduates need to get hired: Evidence from the New England region of the USA. Education + Training, 61(5), 622–634. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2018-0250
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
Bourdieu, P. (2011). The forms of capital. (1986). In I. Szeman & T. Kaposy (Eds.), Cultural theory: An anthology (pp. 81–93). Wiley-Blackwell.
Brown, J. L. (2023). A process model for designing employability award programs to develop graduate employability. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 14(1), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2023vol14no1art1751
Cabrera-Aguilar, E., Zevallos-Francia, M., Morales-García, M., Ramírez-Coronel, A., Morales-García, S., Sairitupa-Sanchez, L., & Morales-García, W. (2023). Resilience and stress as predictors of work engagement: The mediating role of self-efficacy in nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1202048. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1202048
Cebulla, A., & Szpak, Z. (2024). Workplace relations with AI in mind: What is likely to change? In A. Cebulla (Ed.), The Future of Work and Technology: Global trends, challenges and policies with an Australian perspective (pp. 151–172). Chapman and Hall/CRC. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003393757-8
Chalmers, D. (2021). Interpretivism and inferentialism. Analysis, 81(3), 524–535. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anab043
Coetzee, M. (2023). Students’ career capital resource needs for employability in the technology-driven work world. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 14(1), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2023vol14no1art1658
Coates, H., Kelly, P., & Naylor, R. (2016). New perspectives on the student experience. University of Melbourne. https://melbourne-cshe.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/1862228/New-Perspectives-on-the-Student-Experience_240316_updated.pdf
Cook, E. J. (2022). A narrative review of graduate employability models: Their paradigms, and relationships to teaching and curricula. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 13(1), 37–64. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2022vol13no1art1483
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2015). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/basics-of-qualitative-research/book235578
Dauber, D., & Spencer-Oatey, H. (2023). Global communication skills: Contextual factors fostering their development at internationalised higher education institutions. Studies in Higher Education, 48(7), 1082–1096. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2182874
Delva, J., Forrier, A., & De Cuyper, N. (2021). Integrating agency and structure in employability: Bourdieu's theory of practice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 127, 103579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103579
Dempsey, N. (2023). Impact of an Australian university’s first year model and block mode teaching on student academic success, satisfaction and retention [PhD Thesis, Victoria University]. Accessed from https://vuir.vu.edu.au/47224/
Diab-Bahman, R., & Al-Enzi, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on conventional work settings. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(9/10), 909–927. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-2020-0262
Dorst, K. (2019). Design beyond design. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 5(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2019.05.001
García-Álvarez, J., Vázquez-Rodríguez, A., Quiroga-Carrillo, A., & Priegue Caamaño, D. (2022). Transversal competencies for employability in university graduates: A systematic review from the employers’ perspective. Education Sciences, 12(3), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030204
Gilbert, E. (2023). Beyond the usual suspects: Invisible labour(ers) in futures of work. Geography Compass, 17(2), e12675. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12675
Goodwin, J., Goh, J., Verkoeyen, S., & Lithgow, K. (2019). Can students be taught to articulate employability skills?. Education + Training, 61(4), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2018-0186
Hafeez, S., Gupta, C., & Sprajcer, M. (2022). Stress and the gig economy: It's not all shifts and giggles. Industrial Health, 61(2), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2021-0217
Haslberger, M., Gingrich, J., & Bhatia, J. (2023). No great equalizer: Experimental evidence on AI in the UK labor market. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4594466
Hayes, S., Freudenberg, B., & Delaney, D. (2022). Work ready graduates for Australian small and medium accounting firms. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 13(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2022vol13no1art1026
Holubnycha, L., Kuznetsova, O., & Demchenko, D. (2024). History of problem-solving teaching and learning evolution. History of Science and Technology, 14(1), 64–84. https://doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2024-14-1-64-84
Hoque, N., Uddin, M., Ahmad, A., Mamun, A., Uddin, M., Chowdhury, R., & Noman Alam, A. (2023). The desired employability skills and work readiness of graduates: Evidence from the perspective of established and well-known employers of an emerging economy. Industry and Higher Education, 37(5), 716–730. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222221149850
Ikram, M., & Kenayathulla, H. (2022). Out of touch: Comparing and contrasting positivism and interpretivism in social science. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 4(2), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2022.4.2.4
Iyer, P. (2021). Social and cultural capital and its influence on graduate employability: An exploratory study of student experiences at a higher education institution in Botswana [PhD thesis, The University of Liverpool]. https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3143162/1/201009689_Oct2021.pdf
Jarrah, A. M., Wardat, Y., & Fidalgo, P. (2023). Using ChatGPT in academic writing is (not) a form of plagiarism: What does the literature say? Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 13(4), e202346. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/13572
Kettunen, J., & Tynjälä, P. (2022). Bridging the gap between research and practice: Using phenomenographic findings to develop training for career practitioners. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 22(2), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09483-2
King, D., Lyons, B., & Phetmisy, C. (2021). Perceived resiliency: The influence of resilience narratives on attribution processes in selection. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 131, 103653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103653
Krishnan, I., Ching, H., Ramalingam, S., & Maruthai, E. (2019). An investigation of communication skills required by employers from the fresh graduates. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 27(2), 1507–1524. https://tinyurl.com/36txxm92
Lightsey, R. (1999). Albert Bandura and the exercise of self-efficacy. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 13(2), 158–166.
Lock, E., & Kelly, K. (2022). Gateways not pathways: Student perceptions of the portals to employability. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 13(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2022vol13no1art1499
Lua, V., Majeed, N., Hartanto, A., & Leung, A. (2022). Help-seeking tendencies and subjective well-being: A cross-cultural comparison of the United States and Japan. Social Psychology Quarterly, 85(2), 164–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725221077075
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187526.001.0001
Mahajan, R., Gupta, P., & Misra, R. (2022). Employability skills framework: A tripartite approach. Education + Training, 64(3), 360–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2020-0367
Martín-Arbós, S., Castarlenas, E., & Duenas, J. (2021). Help-seeking in an academic context: A systematic review. Sustainability, 13(8), 4460. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084460
Minbaeva, D. B., & Navrbjerg, S. E. (2023). Strategic human resource management in the context of environmental crises: A COVID-19 test. Human Resource Management, 62(6), 811–832. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22162
Moustaghfir, S., & Brigui, H. (2024). Navigating critical thinking in the digital era: An informative exploration. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 7(1), 137–143. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.1.11x
Mtawa, N., Fongwa, S., & Wilson-Strydom, M. (2021). Enhancing graduate employability attributes and capabilities formation: A service-learning approach. Teaching in Higher Education, 26(5), 679–695. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1672150
Noonan, M., & Goring, J. (2022). Confident, creative and enterprising young people? The school strike for climate and lessons for Australian education. In M. Noonan, J. Goring, P. Kraftl, P. Kelly, D. Carbajo Padilla, M. Noonan, A. Ribeiro, D. MacDonald & R. Black (Eds.), Young people and stories for the Anthropocene (pp. 33–46). Rowman & Littlefield.
Orakcı, Ş., Yüreğilli Göksu, D., & Karagöz, S. (2023). A mixed methods study of the teachers’ self-efficacy views and their ability to improve self-efficacy beliefs during teaching. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1035829. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1035829
Pegrum, M. (2011). Modified, multiplied, and (re-)mixed: Social media and digital literacies. In M. Thomas (Ed.), Digital education. Palgrave Macmillan’s digital education and learning. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230118003_2
Piroșcă, G., Șerban-Oprescu, G., Badea, L., Stanef-Puică, M., & Valdebenito, C. (2021). Digitalization and labor market – A perspective within the framework of pandemic crisis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(7), 2843–2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070156
Pope, J., & Owen, J. (2014). A vision for young Australians in the 21st century. Developing Practice: The Child, Youth and Family Work Journal, 40, 22–31. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.966464769360522
Puustinen, M., & Rouet, J-F. (2009). Learning with new technologies: Help seeking and information searching revisited. Computers & Education, 53(4), 1014–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.07.002
Räty, H., Hytti, U., Kasanen, K., Komulainen, K., Siivonen, P., & Kozlinska, I. (2020). Perceived employability and ability self among Finnish university students. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 35(4), 975–993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-019-00451-7
Rossier, J., Ginevra, M. C., Bollmann, G., & Nota, L. (2017). The importance of career adaptability, career resilience, and employability in designing a successful life. In K. Maree (Ed.), Psychology of career adaptability, employability and resilience (pp. 65–82). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66954-0_5
Rouvroye, L., van Dalen, H. P., Henkens, K., & Schippers, J. (2022). Employers’ views on flexible employment contracts for younger workers: Benefits, downsides and societal outlook. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 43(4), 1934–1957. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831x211053378
Santilli, S., Ginevra, M. C., Di Maggio, I., Soresi, S., & Nota, L. (2022). In the same boat? An online group career counseling with a group of young adults in the time of COVID-19. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 22(4), 623–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09505-z
Seevaratnam, V., Gannaway, D., & Lodge, J. (2023). Design thinking-learning and lifelong learning for employability in the 21st century. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 14(1), 182–201. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2023vol14no1art1631
Selvaratnam, R. (2021). The link between learning spaces and employability outcomes. Journal of Learning Spaces, 10(2), 48–53. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1298355.pdf
Tandika, P., & Ndijuye, L. (2021). The question of university graduates' employability: Are the students aware of the employers' preferences?. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 12(3), 310–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-05-2021-0101
Thanh, N., & Thanh, T. (2015). The interconnection between interpretivist paradigm and qualitative methods in education. American Journal of Educational Science, 1(2), 24–27. http://files.aiscience.org/journal/article/html/70380008.html
Thomas, D. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214005283748
Tomlinson, M. (2021). Employers and universities: Conceptual dimensions, research evidence and implications. Higher Education Policy, 34(1), 132–154.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-018-0121-9
Tran, L., Ngo, N., Nguyen, H., Le, T., & Ho, T. (2022). “Employability in context”: Graduate employability attributes expected by employers in regional Vietnam and implications for career guidance. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 22(2), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-022-09560-0
van der Rijt, J., Van den Bossche, P., van de Wiel, M. W. J., & Segers, M. (2013). Asking for help: A relational perspective on help seeking in the workplace. Vocations and Learning, 6(2), 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12186-012-9095-8
Walker-Gibbs, B., Ajjawi, R., Rowe, E., Skourdoumbis, A., Krehl Edward Thomas, M., O’Shea, S., Bennett, S., Fox, B., & Alsen, P. (2019). Success and failure in higher education on uneven playing fields. https://www.ncsehe.edu.au/app/uploads/2019/09/WalkerGibbs_FINAL.pdf
Wickramasinghe, V., & Perera, L. (2010). Graduates’, university lecturers’ and employers’ perceptions towards employability skills. Education + Training, 52(3), 226–244. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011037355
Winterton, J., & Turner, J. (2019). Preparing graduates for work readiness: An overview and agenda. Education + Training, 61(5), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2019-0044
Zhang, A., Boltz, A., Wang, C. W., & Lee, M. K. (2022). Algorithmic management reimagined for workers and by workers: Centering worker well-being in gig work. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp.1–20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501866

Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Natasha Dwyer, Naomi Dempsey, Darren Brown, Anthony Watt

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.