Au-delà de l’ « ego-système », pour une résistance humanitaire menée localement
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.21153/thl2023art1907Mots-clés :
Resistance Humanitarianism, Myanmar, military juntaRésumé
Cet article invite les lecteurs à se pencher sur une nouvelle forme de pratique humanitaire - la résistance humanitaire - issue de la résistance des populations face aux atrocités militaires, en se concentrant plus particulièrement sur la crise en Birmanie. Dans ce pays, les humanitaires de la résistance, dont la présence opérationnelle et la couverture touchent des zones généralement inaccessibles aux grandes ONGI et à l’ONU, remettent en question les pratiques traditionnelles du secteur de l’aide. Les humanitaires de la résistance profitent d’avantages opérationnels significatifs, en particulier l'acceptation de la population, en termes d’'accès et de disponibilités des données qui reflètent les réalités du terrain. Parallèlement, la majorité des acteurs de l'aide internationale essaie d'accéder aux communautés touchées via l'intermédiaire de l’illégitime junte birmane. Ceci limite leur capacité à atteindre les personnes les plus touchées par la crise et augmentent les risques de participer à la violence militaire déjà existante. Cet article suggère que cette approche de l’aide qui est verticale, descendante, « neutre » et adoptée par de nombreux acteurs internationaux, pourrait aggraver le conflit, car elle distancie les gens de leur désir de mettre fin à l'injustice. Ce document plaide également en faveur d'un besoin urgent de repenser l'approche humanitaire du conflit en Birmanie et propose un nouveau type d'architecture de l'aide : un écosystème dirigé localement et construit horizontalement, qui s'appuie sur et soutient les personnes et les organisations sur le terrain et qui privilégie l'inclusion, la diversité et la collaboration. Si l'objectif des acteurs internationaux externes est de renforcer la résilience, il est nécessaire de repenser leur approche et de soutenir une résistance humanitaire qui évite les conflits militaires.
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