Digital badges: Pinning down employer challenges

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no1art1027

Keywords:

digital badges, digital credentialing, employability, online learning, skills development, graduate recruitment, employment, micro-credentials

Abstract

Digital badges hold considerable potential for employers and recruiters, as they evidence accomplishments of skills and competencies at a more granular level than a traditional degree certificate. Badges are a validated, online graphical representation of an achievement, which is accomplished by undertaking criteria-based learning activities. Despite the established educational benefits of badges in higher education, limited research has been conducted into employer awareness, acceptance, and use of digital badges in recruitment practices. To address this research gap, a mixed method study combining quantitative and qualitative data collection was conducted before and during the COVID-19 health pandemic. Approximately 700 employers were emailed and invited to complete the initial survey and 73 responded. One of the major survey findings is that 97% of respondents were unfamiliar with the concept of digital badges. Significantly, however, despite the lack of employer awareness there was no widespread resistance to the concept of badges, but a strong appeal for further clarification of their value, credibility, and security. Analysis of the data reveals stronger partnership working, between the higher education sector and employers, is pivotal to establish effective digital credentialing systems. Recommendations for higher education institutions have emerged from this study, which aim to balance pedagogical digital badge practice with employer needs. Such synergies are crucial to address the changing skills agenda, to prepare students to thrive in physical and virtual work environments. Given the paucity of research in this field, further studies are warranted, to investigate the impact of digital badges on the employer community.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

  • Joy Perkins, University of Aberdeen, Scotland

    Joy Perkins is the Educational & Employability Development Adviser in the Centre for Academic Development at the University of Aberdeen. She works in partnership with academic Schools and other stakeholders, to enable cross-fertilisation of employability ideas and practice across the University. Her research interests and recent publications are in areas such as: integration and assessment of graduate attributes in the academic curriculum, enterprise education, work-integrated learning, and the role of employer engagement in curriculum development.

  • Mary Pryor, University of Aberdeen, Scotland

    Mary Pryor is the Senior Academic Skills Adviser in the Centre for Academic Development at the University of Aberdeen. She works with students at all levels of study to develop their critical thinking and communication skills, and with academic Schools to facilitate exchange of pedagogic ideas and practice across the University. Her research interests and recent publications include, embedding graduate attributes in the curriculum, and engaging employers to enhance teaching, learning and student employability.

References

Abramovich, S., Schunn, C., & Higashi, R. M. (2013). Are badges useful in education? It depends upon the type of badge and expertise of the learner. Education Technology Research and Development, 61(2), 217–232. doi:10.1007/s11423-013-9289-2

Anderson, L., Shennan, K., Blackwell-Young, J., Greenhill, A-M., Perkins, J., Pryor, M., & Maxwell, C. (2017). Open badges in the Scottish HE sector: The use of technology and online resources to support student transitions. https://www.enhancementthemes.ac.uk/docs/ethemes/student-transitions/open-badges-in-the-scottish-he-sector09b49abe03dc611ba4caff000043ed24.pdf?sfvrsn=fd68fb81_8

Bowen, K., & Thomas, A. (2014). Badges: A common currency for learning. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 46(1), 21–25. doi:10.1080/00091383.2014.867206

Carey, K., & Stefaniak, J. (2018). An exploration of the utility of digital badging in higher education settings. Education Technology Research and Development, 66(1), 1211–1229. doi:10.1007/s11423-018-9602-1

Coleman, J.D. (2018). Engaging undergraduate students in a co-curricular digital badging platform. Education and Information Technologies, 23(1), 211–224. doi:10.1007/s10639-017-9595-0

Devedžić, V., & Jovanović, J. (2015). Developing open badges: A comprehensive approach. Educational Technology Research and Development, 63(4), 603–20. doi:10.1007/s11423-015-9388-3

Dyjur, P., & Lindstrom, G. (2017). Perceptions and uses of digital badges for professional learning development in higher education. TechTrend, 61(4), 386–392. doi:10.1007/s11528-017-0168-2

Elliot, R., Clayton, J., & Iwata, J. (2014). Exploring the use of micro-credentialing and digital badges in learning environments to encourage motivation to learn and achieve. In B. Hegarty, J. McDonald, & S. K. Loke (Eds.), Rhetoric and reality: Critical perspectives on educational technology (pp. 703–707). Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE).

Fanfarelli, J. R., & McDaniel, R. (2019). Designing effective digital badges: Applications for learning. London: Routledge.

Fields, E. (2015). Making visible new learning: Professional development with open digital badge pathways. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 10(1), 1–10. doi:10.21083/partnership.v10i1.3282

Gallagher, S. R. (2018). Educational credentials come of age: A survey on the use and value of educational credentials in hiring. Center for the Future of Higher Education & Talent Strategy. https://www.northeastern.edu/cfhets/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Educational_Credentials_Come_of_Age_2018.pdf

Gauthier, T. (2020). The value of microcredentials: The employer's perspective. The Journal of Competency-Based Education, 5(2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbe2.1209

Gibson, D., Ostashewski, N., Flintoff, K., Grant, S., & Knight, E. (2015). Digital badges in education. Education and Information Technologies, 20(2), 403–410. doi: 10.1007/s10639-013-9291-7

Glover, I. (2013). Open badges: A visual method of recognising achievement and increasing learner motivation. Student Engagement and Experience Journal, 2(1), 1–4. doi:10.7190/seej.v1i1.66

Glover, I. (2016). Student perceptions of digital badges as recognition of achievement and engagement in co-curricular activities. In D. Ifenthaler, N. Bellin-Mularski, & D. K. Mah (Eds.), Foundation of digital badges and micro-credentials (pp.443–455). UK: Springer.

Grove, M., & Overton, T. (2014). Getting started in pedagogic research within the STEM disciplines. Higher Education Academy. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/getting-started-pedagogic-research-within-stem-disciplines

Hensiek, S., DeKorver, B. K., Harwood, C. J., Fish, J., O’Shea, K., & Towns, M. (2016). Improving and assessing student hands-on laboratory skills through digital badging. Journal of Chemical Education, 93(11), 1847–1854. doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00234

Hensiek, S., DeKorver, B. K., Harwood, C. J., Fish, J., O’Shea, K., & Towns, M. (2017). Digital badges in science: A novel approach to the assessment of student learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 46(3), 28–33. doi:10.2505/4/jcst17_046_03_28

Hickey, D.T., Otto, N., Itow, R., Schenke, K., Tran, C., & Chow, C. (2014). Badges design principles documentation project. Center for Research on Learning and Technology Indiana University. http://dpdproject.info/files/2014/05/DPD-interim-report-v4-january.pdf.

Hill, M. A., Overton, T., Kitson, R. R. A., Thompson, C. D., Brookes, R. H., Coppo, P., & Bayley, L. (2020). ‘They help us realise what we’re actually gaining’: The impact on undergraduates and teaching staff of displaying transferable skills badges. Active Learning in Higher Education, OnlineFirst, 1–18. doi:10.1177/1469787419898023

Janzow, P. (2014). Connecting learning to jobs through digital badges. Catalyst, 42(2), 9–11.

Jorre de St Jorre, T. J., Johnson, L., & Oliver, B. (2016). Deakin Hallmarks: Principles for employability credentials. In: Proceedings ASCILITE 2016 Show Me the Learning, Adelaide, SA, Australia, pp. 305–11. Retrieved from: http://2016conference.ascilite.org/wp-content/uploads/ASCILITE-2016-full-proceedings-Updated-1512.pdf

Kehoe, A., & Goudzwaard, M. (2015). ePortfolios, badges, and the whole digital self: How evidence-based learning pedagogies and technologies can support integrative learning and identity development. Theory Into Practice, 54(4), 343–351. doi:10.1080/00405841.2015.1077628

Levine, A. (2018). The ‘just in time’ learner and the coming revolution in higher education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 50(3-4), 27–29. doi:10.1080/00091383.2018.1507376

Loughlin, C., Hitchings, C., Barton, C., Anthoney, J., Barker, H., Warburton, S., & Niculescu, I. (2016, October). Open Badges: Acknowledging Soft Skills Acquisition Conference: European Conference on eLearning ECEL. https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/6312b70a-9db0-4cd8-ae1b-bdf9e4b39ea8

Maguire, D., Dale, L., & Pauli, M. (2020). Learning and teaching reimagined A new dawn for higher education? Jisc. https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/learning-and-teaching-reimagined-a-new-dawn-for-higher-education

Mah, D-K. (2016). Learning analytics and digital badges: Potential impact on student retention in higher education. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 21(3), 285–305. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-016-9286-8

Mah, D-K., & Ifenthaler, D. (2019). What do first-year students need? Digital badges for academic support to enhance student retention. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 12(1), 86-96. doi:10.1108/JARHE-12-2018-0258

Mathur, A., Wood, M. E., & Cano, A. (2018). Mastery of transferrable skills by doctoral scholars: Visualization using digital micro-credentialing. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 50(5), 38–45. doi:10.1080/00091383.2018.1510261

Miller, K. K., Jorre de St Jorre, T. J., West, J. M., & Johnson E. D. (2017). The potential of digital credentials to engage students with capabilities of importance to scholars and citizens. Active Learning in Higher Education, 21(1), 11–22. doi:10.1177/1469787417742021

Oliver, B. (2016). Better 21C credentials: Evaluating the promise, perils and disruptive potential of digital credentials. Melbourne, Australia: Deakin University. Retrieved from: https://ltr.edu.au/resources/SP13_3236_Oliver_Case%20Studies_2016.pdf

Oliver, B. (2019). Making micro-credentials work for learners, employers and providers. Melbourne: Deakin University. Retrieved from: https://dteach.deakin.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2019/08/Making-micro-credentials-work-Oliver-Deakin-2019-full-report.pdf

Phillips, S. (2020). Working through the pandemic: Accelerating the transition to remote working. Business Information Review, 37(3), 129–134. doi:10.1177/0266382120953087

Quacquarelli Symonds (2018). The Global Skills Gap in the 21st Century. (2018). Quacquarelli Symonds Ltd. Retrieved from: https://www.qs.com/portfolio-items/the-global-skills-gap-report-2019/

Raish, V., & Rimland, E. (2016). Employer perceptions of critical information literacy skills and digital badges. College and Research Libraries, 77(1), 87–113. doi:10.5860/crl.77.1.87

Rimland, E., & Raish, V. (2019). Micro-credentials and digital badges. Library Technology Reports, 55(3), 5–6. doi:10.5860/ltr.55n3

Risquez, A., Cassidy, D., & O’Suilleabhain, G. (2020). Badge of honour? An exploration of the use of digital badges to support a partnership approach to faculty development. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(5), 18–29. doi:10.14742/ajet.6112

Roy, S., & Clark, D. (2019). Digital badges, do they live up to the hype? British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(5), 2619–2636. doi:10.1111/bjet.12709

Shields, R., & Chugh, R. (2017). Digital badges – rewards for learning? Education and Information Technologies, 22, 1817–1824. doi:10.1007/s10639-016-9521-x

Stefaniak, J., & Carey, K. (2019). Instilling purpose and value in the implementation of digital badges in higher education. International Journal of Education Technology in Higher Education, 16(44), 1–21. doi:10.1186/s41239-019-0175-9

Sutton, H. (2019). Consider how a credential registry improves communication, program ROI. The Successful Registrar, 19(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/tsr.30563

UKCES (UK Commission for Employment and Skills) (2014). The future of work: Jobs and skills in 2030. Manchester: UK Commission for Employment and Skills. Retrieved from: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/303335/the_future_of_work_key_findings_edit.pdf

World Economic Forum. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. Retrieved from: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf

Downloads

Published

2021-05-11

Issue

Section

JOURNAL PAPERS

How to Cite

Digital badges: Pinning down employer challenges. (2021). Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 12(1), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no1art1027